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Original dataset · 86 Jewish day schools · IRS 990 + archives

School Financial Health Report Card

86 Jewish day schools (Non-Orthodox and Orthodox K–8 cohorts), scored on a composite across operating margin, tuition discounting, endowment cushion, fundraising, enrollment trend and, where matched, head-of-school tenure. The figures are reconstructed by hand from each school's public IRS Form 990 income and expense totals, archived filings, and school and public web sources across 2023–24 through 2025–26, with head-of-school tenure drawn from Form 990 (2017–24). Grades are percentile ranks within this Jewish day school pool, not against the broader independent-school universe. Adjust the weights below to match what you think matters most.

How this dataset was built

An original dataset assembled by hand from public IRS Form 990 filings, historical and archived filings, Internet Archive / Wayback captures, and school and public web sources, reconstructed across eight years of filings. Every school's operating margin, tuition discounting, endowment cushion, fundraising, enrollment trend, and head-of-school tenure was rebuilt from the income and expense totals in those public filings rather than pulled from a single feed.

IRS Form 990 filings Historical & archived filings Internet Archive / Wayback School & public web sources
86schools scored
6financial pillars
990 totalsreconstructed from income & expense
2017–24years reconstructed

The grades rest on the assembled record above. Any comparable-school benchmarking appears only as a secondary cross-reference where noted.

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Pillar weights
Weights auto-normalize, so they don't need to sum to 100. A school missing a pillar is scored on its remaining pillars only, and needs at least 2 reported metrics to receive a letter grade (otherwise it shows N/A rather than a grade built on a single number).

Ḥeshbon — Center on Data and Jewish Life

A data project on how Jewish life is paid for. The work comes in seasons. This page is part of Season 1 — Jewish Education. It states its own sources, sample sizes and limits.

Ahead: Season 2 — Household Affordability · Season 3 — Federation & Charitable Giving

More in Season 1

 

Working prototype. Every figure comes from the underlying research. Where a chart simplifies a published result, the page says so. Nothing here audits an individual school.

The paper behind this story

A Percentile-Based Financial Health Index for Jewish Day School Benchmarking

Methodology

Methodology paper · 2026 · Ħeshbon · Center on Data and Jewish Life

Methods Download the methodology companion (PDF)

First page of the whitepaper The Financial Health Index

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